![]() ![]() lack of truly independent observers (4) failure to control adequately for test reactivity and obtrusive observer effects (5) failure to employ dependent measures consistent with the group goals and (6) failure to include followup. They discuss major methodological flaws in group outcome research as including: (1) lack of adequate base rate or pretraining measures (2) failure to include a matched control group (3). ![]() The authors see the need for overcoming major methodological and design inadequacies of such research. This paper proposes a model for the long-term scientific study of encounter, T-, and sensitivity groups. Conclusions highlight opportunities and challenges for gaming research methods to accommodate social science research in design-centric activities. Key contributions synthesize diverse bodies of literature to classify gaming applications as generating generalizable and contextual knowledge to benefit participants and principals, identify intellectual foundations in related social sciences, and describe the dual purpose of games as a research method for analytical or design science objectives. This paper outlines a class of gaming methods for research in engineering systems. consider both technical and social factors in design. Their boundary-spanning nature aligns with challenges in engineering systems to. Simulation games or gaming simulations are interactive environments which simultaneously model a technical system through simulation and a social system with role-play participants. Recent interest in applications of games and gaming methods has stimulated discussion of their use in engineering systems research. ![]()
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